International Anti-Corruption Day - 2024

               A little more than two weeks ago, precisely on 9th December, the whole world celebrated the importance to fight corruption. We have always to see what the politicians are doing to help us in this important fight, ask them about it. The public money must be very well used, so that we can have better schools, better hospitals, better security, better streets and roads, better jobs, greater development, less inequality, less injustice. To sum things up a more functional government and consequently a better country for all of us. The fight against corruption is so important that we all should be involved in this fight, because the theft of public resources harm us all. But we all should know that this fight is not easy, activists for this important ethical cause can suffer persecution, including having their political rights systematically disrespected. The people should not be naive, there are many people that are not interested in this activism, in this figh   This post is a summary of two articles. The first was published at https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/anticorruptionday/index.html. The second was published at https://www.iri.org/news/international-anti-corruption-day-2024-reaffirming-iris-commitment-to-anti-corruption/

                   The theme for this year, "Uniting with Youth Against Corruption: Shaping Tomorrow's Integrity." Young people have dreams and aspirations, but corruption erodes the fabric of society, stifles progress and deprives them of educational opportunities, job prospects, engagement in public life, success in sports and access to healthcare. Our world confronts numerous challenges, tragedies, inequalities and injustices, many of which are tied to corruption. While young people are significantly affected by corruption, they also have the potential to become powerful agents in the fight for a future rooted in integrity. Young people must demand accountability and participate in anti-corruption efforts. To promote a culture of integrity across the public and private sectors and built a generation that stands up to corruption, education is key. It teaches values of transparency, accountability and integrity from an early age. By promoting integrity and ethical behaviour and challenging corruption, young people can drive change. Additionally, they can develop solutions to address corruption. Tech-savvy youth can leverage technologies such as A.I. online platforms, social media and apps to enhance government transparency, increase access to information and create tools that facilitate anonymous reporting of corrupt practices. Addressing corruption leads to a fairer, more transparent institutions. This effort builds trust in institutions and inspires the next generation to actively contribute to creating a better future. The campaign for International Anti-Corruption Day 2024 focuses on the role young guardians of integrity play as advocates, raising awareness about corruption and its impacts. The campaign will amplify voices of integrity, allowing them to express their concerns and aspirations, with hope that their appeals will be heard and acted upon. Building a just world is only possible if corruption doesn't stand in the way. United, we can combat corruption.                                                                                                                                   Corruption is a major crippling affliction of democracy, even decades after the international community recognized it as a threat and has taken steps to counter it. The challenge lies in corruption's multifaceted nature and ability to continuously evolve and adapt to a new circumstances. Thankfully, defenders of democracy recognize this challenge and are tirelessly working on multiple fronts to counter it. The U.S. Government labels corruption as a grave and enduring threat to its security and to its democratic partners. The International Republican Institute (IRI) understands the gravity of this challenge and works with its partners using a multi-pronged approach to counter corruption and kleptocracy around the world. IRI conducts research and produces tools and resources to equip development practitioners and stakeholders working to combat corruption on the ground with relevant skills. IRI also works closely with local partners and supports public officials and civil society in the design and implementation of context-specific responses to improve transparency and accountability, leveraging its extensive networks to build trust and receptiveness to anti-corruption reforms. Supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development, IRI published a report that highlights factors that contribute to the successes and failures of collective action movements against kleptocracy, and offers recommendations for policymakers and the business community. On the ground, IRI supported civil society organizations to promote evidence-based approaches to countering transnational kleptocratic networks and generate political incentives for engagement campaigns targeting key political actors. Aligning with the theme of this year, IRI has continued its engagement with youth on anti-corruption issues. In Mexico, funded by the State Department's Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, IRI worked with two youth-led networks to counter corruption: REJA (State Youth Anticorruption Network) and CICA (Center for Innovation and Environmental Culture). Together, they brought. "Youth Challenging Corruption" workshops to over 20 universities, reaching almost 1,500 college students. However, IRI's fight against global corruption and kleptocracy is far from over. Today, marking International Anti-Corruption Day, IRI reaffirms its commitment to Anti-Corruption as it presses on with its mission to support democracy worldwide.                 

Human Rights Day 2024

               Since the creation of this blog in 2010, its counter of visualizations doesn't work and the same is happening with my YouTube channel since its creation in 2020. For no reason,  I'm being  harmed in so many ways and for so long. Why can I not have a YouTube channel and blog with their counter of visualizations working like everyone else? However, all the world is demanding justice and equality. The Brazilian institutions including from the government must do more to reinforce human rights. Including demanding justice and fighting the daily bullying on TV. The cowardice and injustices can't carry on. The good people of the world is demanding a fairer and inclusive  Brazil, because they know about what is happening here and their demand must be heard for all.  If you want to know my channel and see a small sample of the huge worldwide movement for justice, democracy and political rights, watch my videos, here is the link   https://www.youtube.com/@lucianofietto4773/videos. Last Tuesday all over the world was celebrated the human rights, a day to remember its importance to everyone.  This post is a summary of three articles. The first was published athttps://www.un.org/en/observances/human-rights-day. The second was published at https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2024/12/09/a-proclamation-on-human-rights-day-and-human-rights-week-2024/. The third was published at https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/12/09/human-rights-day-statement-by-the-high-representative-on-behalf-of-the-european-union/

                  Human Rights Day is observed annually around the world on 10 December. It commemorates the anniversary of one of the world's most groundbreaking global pledges: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). This landmark document enshrines the inalienable rights that everyone is entitled to as a human being. The Declaration was proclaimed by the U.N. General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948. As a "common standard of achievement for all peoples and nations", the UDHR is a global blueprint for international, national and local laws and policies and a bedrock of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Human Rights Day 2024 theme: Our Rights, Our Future, Right Now. Human rights can empower individuals and communities to forge a better tomorrow. By embracing and trusting the full power of human rights as the path to the world we want, we can become more peaceful, equal and sustainable. This year we focus on how human rights are a pathway to solutions, playing a critical role as a preventive, protective and transformative force for good. As U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterrez has said, "Human Rights are the foundation for peaceful, just and inclusive societies." This year's theme is a call to acknowledge the importance and relevance of human rights in our lives. We have an opportunity to change perceptions by speaking up against hate speech, correcting misinformation and countering disinformation. This is the time to mobilize action to reinvigorate a global movement for human rights.                                                                             America was founded on an idea - that every person is created equal and deserves to be treated equally throughout their lives. We helped establish the United Nations, upholding the inherent dignity of every person on the world stage and establishing a rules-based international order. Today our country continues to stand with our partners and allies to defend human rights around the world, from combatting threats to silence and intimidate human rights defenders to championing democracy, fair election and the universal rights to freedom of association, peaceful assembly, religion and expression. We also help to promote accountability for those responsible for human rights violations and abuses, seek to free political prisoners, and create space for civilian dialogue. And we continue to stand with free people everywhere who are bravely fighting for justice and defending life and liberty at home and around the  world. And we have worked to advance technology in support of democracy and internet freedom, while leading efforts to stop the expansion and misuse of comercial spyware, which has enabled human rights abuses around the world. Today and this week, may we reaffirm our commitment to standing up for human rights at home and around the world. The future will be won by those who unleash the full potential of their people to live with dignity, prosper, think freely, innovate, and exist and love openly without fear. Together, nothing is beyond our capacity.                                                                                                                                                                          On Human Rights Day, the European Union reaffirm its unwavering commitment to the universal respect, protection and fulfilment of human rights for everyone, everywhere. This year's theme, Our rights, Our Future, Right Now, underscores the necessity of safeguarding rights and freedoms for a just, resilient, and sustainable future. Human rights are legal, moral and actionable guarantees universal to humankind. They are essential for human dignity, equality, democracy, peace and sustainable development. Now, more than ever, we are confronted with armed conflicts, humanitarian crises, impunity, and growing inequalities. The international rules-based order, with human rights its core, remains irreplaceable.  Peace is not merely the absence of war, it requires daily work, continous commitment, and advocating for human rights, equality, non-discrimination, justice and democracy. The E.U. steadfastly supports human rights defenders, journalists, and media workers as well as all those calling for peace, truth, justice and accountability.                                                 

Reparations for Victims of Systematic Human Rights Violations

          Since the creation of this blog in 2010, its counter of visualizations doesn't work and the same is happening with my YouTube channel since its creation in 2020. For no reason,  I'm being  harmed in so many ways and for so long. Why can I not have a YouTube channel and blog with their counter of visualizations working like everyone else? However, all the world is demanding justice and equality. The Brazilian institutions including from the government must do more to increase political inclusion, justice and reinforce human rights. The world is demanding a fairer, inclusive and better Brazil, because they know about our huge potential and their demand must be heard for all.  If you want to know my channel here is the link   https://www.youtube.com/@lucianofietto4773/videos.   This post is a summary of the report with the incomplete title above, published at https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=twls

           Through a combined legal and social analysis, this paper reflects on one of the root concepts of reparation. As reparation occurs in response to victimization, this paper concentrates on the notion of victim. The notion of victim will be explored from a socio-political perspective and from an international legal perspective. By way of conclusion, these two approaches will be interwoven in order to consider a more compreensive definition of victim. "Victim is often used in every day life but also in science. The word victim is used in almost every possible context to designate anyone who suffers a negative outcome or any kind of loss, harm, injury, whether the harm is material, physical or psychological. There are victims of crime, war, accident, diseases, poverty, injustice, oppression, discrimination, natural diasters, etc. An individual's identity consists of many spheres or systems, for example, physical, inter-personal, familiar, social, religious, ethnic, cultural, material, economic and political. Ideally the individual should simultaneously have free access and be able to move freely within all these dimensions. Once the individual is described in this way, victimisation causes a rupture and a state of being stuck or frozen in this free flow. From this follows that an individual whose balance between the different identity dimensions is disturbed or broken could be called a victim. An important aspect of this approach is to look at the individual as an integrated system of many different dimensions. Victim means persons who, individually or collectively, have suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial impairment of their fundamental rights, through acts or omissions that are in violation of criminal laws operative within Member states, including those laws proscribing criminal abuse of power. "A person may be considered a victim, regardless of whether the perpetrator is identified, apprehended, prosecuted or convicted. The term "victim" also includes the immediate family or dependants of the direct victim and persons who have suffered harm in intervening to assist victims in distress or to prevent victimisation. In regard to the extent of harm, a static approach might not take the further evolution of a person into account and therefore a more dynamic approach does take the evolution of a person into consideration in defining the extent of harm. The evolution taken into account by the subjective dynamic approach is the "subjective" evolution. The latter refers to what the person believes he would have achieved if the harming event would not have occurred. This structure of harm is not just a theoretical scientific conceptualisation, it is reflected in much of jurisprudence. We explored this notion in order to define victim more clearly. The advantage of describing individuals by the same principle of an integrated system of several dimensions is that it is easy to see that societies and groups of individuals can be victims in a similar way. This is important in the context of systematic violations of human rights dealing with victims of political repression. Political repression creates problems for its direct victims , but also affects a whole society socially and politically. When one considers the psychological dimension of a person it is indeed difficult to measure the harm done, because this is such a subjective question. Each person whose psychological situation has deteriorated can be considered a victim. The lack of information and investigation on behalf of the authorities into an alleged violation may amount to another violation. If a violation is found, the Court rule that fair compensatio be paid to the injury party. Standing before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights is not subject to any major limitation. Any person or an NGO may lodge a petition without necessarily being the victim of the alleged violation. The Commission can also act proprio motu. The Commission will place itself at the disposal of the parties concerned with a view to reaching a friendly settlement of the matter on the basis of respect for the human rights. These friendly settlements may include wide-raging remedies and compensatory damages. When the Commission brings a case to the court that it specifies the theory and measure of damages it is urging. As far as reparations measures for the victims are concerned, the Commission issued recommendations for the court system, prosecution and punishment of perpetrators. The legal and social science analysis indicates that under any human rights mechanism, the notion of victim should be defined as broadly as possible. Anyone who has been sufficiently directly affected by a human rights violation should be considered a victim. The broad approach to the notion should apply to both direct and indirect victims. Appropriate reparation could be made up of a combination of individual and collective oriented measures of a financial, moral and political nature. Will the legal approach to the reparations issue be able to incorporate these socio-political considerations? One possible way-out is to conceive of reparations as an obligation on behalf of the responsible state rathe than a s a subjective right of the victims. The responsible state can then meet its obligation through a combination of reparation measures. A second socio-political factor which might have an impact on who among the group of victims will receive reparation is related to what we call "public recognition selection processes". These are the mechanisms according to which some victims have the power to enforce recognition and other do not. Are victims organized in groups? Do they receive support? These socio-political mechanisms will influence the access to court ( or other official mechanisms).