The counter of this blog never worked and the same is happening with my YouTube channel since I created in 2020. I really don't know why I've been so harmed in many different ways and for so long, but now all the world is demanding justice. I've heard for many years that people doesn't care about injustice, now all the world knows that it is a lie. If you want to watch my YouTube channel this is the link https://www.youtube.com/@lucianofietto4773/videos This post is a summary of three articles. The first was published at https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-social-political/. The secons was published at https://acjol.org/index.php/njps/article/download/3345/3283. The third was published at https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/rights/
Kant wrote his social and political philosophy in order to champion the Enlightenment and the idea of freedom in particular. His work came within both the natural law and social contract traditions. His writings on political philosophy consist of one book and several shorter works. "There is only one innate right," says Kant, "freedom (independence from being constrained by another's choice), insofar as it can coexist with the freedom of every other in accordance with a universal law. Kant rejects any other basis for the state. He argues that a state can't legitimate impose any particular conception of happiness upon its citizens. To do so would be to treat citizens as children, assuming that they are unable to understand what is useful or harmful to themselves. His concern in political philosophy is not with laws of nature determining a human being's choice but by other human beings determining a human being's choice, hence the kind of freedom Kant is concerned with in political philosophy is individual freedom of action. Kant assumes that a human being's use of chice (at least when it is guided by reason) is free in the transcendental sense. And this freedom of choice is to be respected and promoted. Freedom is not the only basis for principles underlying the state. In "Theory and Practice" Kant makes freedom the first of three principles: 1) The freedom of every member of the state as a human being. 2) The equality of each with every other as a subject. 3) The independence of every member of a commonwealth as a citizen. Freedom as discussed in "Theory and Practice" stresses the autonomous right of all individuals to conceive of happiness in their own way. Interference with another's freedom is understood as coercing the other. Kant's view is similar to the social contract theory of Hobbes in a few important respects. The social contract is not a historical document and does not involve a historical act. The social contract is a rational justification for state power, not a result of actual deal-making among individuals. Kant was a central figure of the Enlightenment. One of his popular essays, "What is Enlightenment?" discusses Enlightenment in terms of the use of an individual's own reason. To be Enlightened is to emerge to a mature ability to think for oneself. "Social philosophy," can be taken to mean the relationship of persons to institutions, and to each other via these institutions, that are not part of the state. Family is a clear example of a social institution that transcends the individual but has some elements that are not controlled by the state. It is the dignity of human life that led to the formation and declaration of the universal human rights. In other words, human dignity is the basis of the fundamental human rights. Unfortunately, our human predicament is such that we usually forget our own dignity and rights of our fellow humans. In our contemporary society, human dignity and human rights have been continuously undermined and violated. This lack of respect for human dignity as well as the violation of the fundamental human rights of individuals has led to series of problems that have threatened peaceful co-existence in our society. Immanuel Kant, reminds and re-awakens our slumbering spirit to the reality and importance of human rights, when he enjoins us to: "Act in such a way that you treat humanity, always at the same time as an end and never as a means". What is a right? A right is a justified claim on others. The "justification" of a claim is dependent on some standard acknowledge and accepted not just by the claimant, but also by society in general. The standard can be as concrete as the constitution, which guarantees the rights that assures every citizen. One of the most important and influential interpretations of moral rights is based on the work of Immanuel Kant. Kant maintained that each of us has a dignity that must be respected. This dignity makes it wrong for others to abuse us or touse us against our will.
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